简析语料立足话题词块，输入新鲜语料，提高高三英语一轮复习效益

摘要：针对高三英语一轮复习中出现的单纯以知识传授为主而造成的复习教学效益低的现象，笔者在任务驱动教学法、词块教学理论和全语言的读写观指导下，采用了任务驱动下基于词块教学的高三英语一轮复习以读促写课课型，以高三一轮复习课教学内容，译林牛津版高中英语教材模块一第一单元School life为例，探讨了如何通过以读促写来提高高三英语一轮复习的效益。
关键词：词块教学高三英语一轮复习以读促写

一、问题的提出

高三复习课课时紧，如何通过以读促写来提高学生话题作文的水平从而提高高三一轮复习课的效益是高三教师要研究的重要课题之一。传统的课程理念指导下的一轮复习是纯知识的传统翻译法影响下的复习，在教学实践中，主要暴露出来的问题是：1.授课内容方面：重单词、轻词块；重句型、轻篇章；2.课型设计方面：重知识点、轻语境，重输入、轻输出；3. 授课方式方面：以教师单方面讲授为主，学生的参与度较低；4.评价方式方面：以教师评

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价为主，缺少学生的自评与互评（李川，2011）。

二、理论依据

1. 以词块为基础，创新学习内容

Michael Lewis（1993）将多词板块定义为词块（lexical chunks），认为语言是由语法化的词汇，而不是由词汇化的语法组成的，是实际交际中以高频率出现的大于单词的语言现象，融合了语法、语义和语境的优势，因此词块是语言学习的重点。学习过程中，学生可以通过阅读一篇新鲜的语料，学习该话题的相关词块，通过一定语境学习词块从而摆脱高三一轮复习中授课内容单调乏味的现象。

2. 以阅读促写作，活化学习内容

根据全语言的读写观，“读与写教学应该有机地结合起来，语言教师应该致力于创建一个和谐的学习者共同体，倾听所有学生的声音，让学生在真实的听说事件与读写事件的情境中发展语言与思维。”全语言倡导重过程的写作教学。重过程的写作教学关注写作全过程的教师指导，认为在写作前教师的作用在于组织学生收集写作素材，帮助学生通过多种渠道（如视听、阅读、生活体验等）获得信息，讲解相关的文体知识，教师在学生写作的过程中帮助他们发现、分析和解决问题，使学生了解和反思自己的写作过程，学会写作。通过合作学习，体会写作的乐趣，从而培养和提高学生的英语写作能力（王浩莒，2011）。

3. 以任务为载体， 优化学习方式

“任务驱动教学法”是一种建立在建构主义学习理论基础上的教学方法，它使教学由以往的以传授知识为主转变为以解决问题、完成任务为主；由呈现式转变为探究式，使学生始终处于积极的学习状态。任务驱动教学以预先设置的任务为载体，将教学内容和教学重点隐含在一个或几个具有代表性的任务中，引导学生利用信息资源开展协作学习，主动完成任务，以实现对新知识的意义建构（李辉，2011）。课堂以学生为主体，以任务为主线，重视体验参与，教师起到“设计者、研究者、促进者、协调者”的作用，从而促进了学生学习方式的优化。

三、任务驱动下基于词块教学的高三英语一轮复习以读促写课课型运用示例

译林牛津教材高中必修一模块一单元School life的中心话题是在英国学校交流学习的生活。本课笔者以教材词块为基础，为避免单纯词汇知识复习的乏味，同时提高学生话题写作的能力，要求学生通过阅读一篇关于Marco Polo在中国游历的新鲜语料，让学生熟悉该话题的相关词块，最后要求学生写一篇关于自己相关生活体验的文章。教师对教材进行一系列的整合，力求学生在话题、词块、结构上做好充分准备后，达到以书面表达的形式有效输出的目的。
2013立足话题词块，输入新鲜语料，提高高三英语一轮复习的效益第3期

1. 通过视听活动导入词块

该活动设计，与以往高三英语一轮复习中以单纯的词汇知识的检测为导入内容的设计不同，笔者通过自己在英国留学生活的图片和视频剪辑的短片，在激发学习兴趣的同时自然导入关于游历活动的话题，在要求学生根据笔者的导入内容填写表格这一任务驱动下学生真正做到了体验参与，在初步熟悉关于国外学习生活话题make a visit to，reach my destination，by air， follow my teachers，take English lessons， observe class， feel impressed，what impress me most …等相关词块的基础上顺利进入下一步的阅读活动。
Step 1：Leadin through pictures and film clips
Share my experience by making a brief introduction to my visit to England and students are required to fill in the table below based on the information given by me.
Title：Mr. Lees Trel
Main Character：
Lee ChuanDestination：
Sussex UniversityWith whom：
19 distinguished teachers across ChinaTime： in Sept 2006Purpose：
Further study/education Transportation： By airPeople he met：
People from all
walks of lifeActivities： Studying and treling a lot：
my English was good enough to follow my teachers； took English lessons with my clasates and observed classThings he sawThe most impressive things：His Reaction & Reason1.Mummy in British Museum1. feeling impressed but pity & Fantastic but belonging to Egypt2. Wax characters in Madame Tussauds2. being amazed & vivid/true to life3. Roman Bath3. Admiring & so wellpreserved2. 通过阅读活动深化词块输入
该活动设计，与以往高三英语一轮复习中以词汇的巩固练习来加强学生知识点巩固的设计不同，笔者通过给学生阅读关于Marco Polo游历活动的这一新的语言材料输入，首先在内容上可以避免枯燥，为了突出阅读的有效性，本环节阅读活动要求学生在基本理解课文内容的情况下，通过让学生填写表格的内容引导学生发现、讨论文章框架；主要关注和总结：结构性词块at first/in the beginning，then/later on/finally/eventually，和表达情感类的词块be / feel impressed/ amazed /surprised/confused等。为最后的，可借助多媒体带领学生在短时间内对重要词块进行背诵，学生愿意接受挑战也激发了他们的兴趣，并切实达到词块的巩固和内化，为接下来的学生采访和写作活动做准备。
Step

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2. Students are required to fill in the table below by reading the passage and teachers can go through the table by asking questions concerning the contents in the blanks.
（Marco Polo was born in Italy in 1254. When he was 17 years old， he treled across Europe and Asia with his father， who wanted to do trade with the Chinese. Eventually， they arrived in Beijing. At that time， China was ruled bythe Yuan Dynasty Emperor， Kublai Khan.
Kublai Khan welcomed Marco and his father. He was very happy to meet two foreigners and wanted to learn all about Europe. Marco and his father were guests at the Emperors Palace. Although Marco was young， he was very clever and could already speak four languages. The Emperor was impressed by him and they became friends. He asked Marco to serve in his court and sent him to do many important tasks across the country.Marco， in turn， was amazed by how beautiful and powerful China was. He was very impressed by Beijing and the Emperors Palace， especially the Summer Palace which he described as “The greatest palace that ever was… The walls were covered in gold and silver and the Hall was so large it could easily seat 6，000 people for dinner.”
There were inventions and developments in China which were not ailable in Europe at that time. Marco was surprised to see Chinese people using paper money in the markets. In Europe， people paid for goods with gold or silver. He could not understand how people could pay for food and valuable things with paper！ He was also confused by the black stones people used to burn for fuel. The black stones were coal， but Marco had never seen coal before！）
Title：Marco Polos Trel
Main Character：
Marco PoloWith whom： his 1Destination：2， ChinaTime： about urpose： To 4 with the ChineseTransportation： Not mentionedPeople he met：
Kublai KhanActivities：5 in the court & doing many important tasksThings he saw
in ChinaThe most impressive things：His Reaction：1. Emperors Palace built of valuable materials1. Being 62. Paper money with which to buy food and valuable things2. Being 73. Coal he had never seen before3. Being 81. father2.Beijing3. 12714. trade5. serving6. impressed/ amazed7.surprised8. confused

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