本站原创摘要3-5
Abstract5-11
Introduction11-15
Chapter One Literature Review15-32
1.1 Prototype Theory15-19
1.1.1 Wittgenstein's Family Resemblance15-16
1.1.2 Rosch's Research on Prototype16-18
1.1.3 Lakoff's Comments on Prototype Theory18-19
1.2 Markedness Theory19-23
1.2.1 Sources of Markedness Theory19-20
1.2.2 Chomsky's Language Markedness Theory20-21
1.2.3 Definition of Markedness and Unmarkedness21-23
1.3 The Connection of Prototype Theory to Markedness Theory23-32
1.3.1 In the Asymmetric Relations of the Linguistic Element23-26
1.3.1.1 Graded Status in Prototype Theory24-25
1.3.1.2 Markedness and Unmarkedness in Markedness Theory25-26
1.3.2 In Language Acquisition26-28
1.3.3 In Second Language Acquisition28-32
Chapter Two Problems for Prototype Theory and Markedness Theory32-39
2.1 Problems for Prototype Theory32-36
2.1.1 Simppstic Nature of Feature List32-33
2.1.2 The 'Odd Number Paradox'33-34
2.1.3 Problems with Features34-35
2.1.4 Contrasting Categories35
2.1.5 Boundaries in Prototype Theory35-36
2.2 Problems for Markedness Theory36-39
2.2.1 Unclear Attributes36-37
2.2.2 Confused Boundaries37-39
Chapter Three The Prototype-Markedness Theory39-56
3.1 The Definition of the Prototype-Markedness Theory39-40
3.2 Cognitive Features of the Prototype-Markedness Theory40-43
3.2.1 Low Level of Cognitive Complexity41-42
3.2.2 High Level of Cognitive Sapence42-43
3.3 Linguistic Features of the Prototype-Markedness Theory43-44
3.3.1 High Frequency in Use43
3.3.2 Being Basic in Word Forms43-44
3.4 Explanations for the Semantic Changes44-48
3.4.1 Broadening of Word Meaning44-45
3.4.2 Narrowing of Word Meaning45-46
3.4.3 Shifting of Word Meaning46-48
3.5 Explanations for the Linguistic Elements48-56
3.5.1 From the Perspective of Frequency48-51
3.5.2 From the Perspective of Structure51-52
3.5.3 From the Perspective of Cognitive Complexity52-53
3.5.4 From the Perspective of Cognitive Sapence53-56
Chapter Four The Apppcation of the Prototype-Markedness Theory56-64
4.1 The Apppcation to Language Acquisition56-59
4.2 The Apppcation to Linguistic Sapence59-62
4.3 The Apppcation to Linguistic Frequency62-64
Conclusion64-68
Bibpography68-71
Acknowledgements71