本站原创
摘 要：语言和文化密切相关。一方面，语言是人们表达思想的载体；没有语言就没有文化；另一方面，语言的含义依赖于人们的认知，更确切地说，语言能否表言答意在很大程度上取决于人们对周边事物的认知方式。侮辱和咒骂性语言，作为表达说话者强烈感情的特殊语言，往往能典型地反映出与该语言紧密联系的文化背景。鉴此，本文分析了收集到的47个汉语侮辱和咒骂性语言的使用情况并透过它们考察了蕴含在内的中国传统文化。资料分析结果不仅支撑了认知语言学的主张,而且窥测了一些受儒学思想影响的中国文化特征，如对道德品质、妇女及传宗接代等理由的重视等。文章最后还提出了一系列今后可以继续提升的研究理由。
关键词：语言与文化;认知、隐喻、感情、侮辱和咒骂性语言;中国文化特征;儒家学说思想
Chinese Culture as Reflected by Insults and Curse Words
Abstract: language and culture is closely related. On one hand, language is the representation of people's thoughts，without language, there in no culture; on the other hand, meaning in a language is grounded based on human's cognition, more exactly, it is based on their daily experience，the way people conceptualized their experiences contribute to the meaning of linguistic expression. Insults and curse words, as a special language to express speakers' strong feelings, tend to typically reflect people's thoughts which are closely related to their cultural background. Therefore，this paper is an attempt to investigate certain traditional Chinese culture through a study of insults and curse words in Chinese language based on forty-seven words collected. The results not only support the claims resulted from cognitive linguistics but also predict certain Chinese cultural features such as the importance of moral quality, virginity and family line, which are under the influence of Confucian teachings.
Key words: language and culture, cognition, metaphor, emotion, insults and curse words, Chinese cultural features, Confucian teachings;
Insults and curse words are one of the most effective ways of expressing emotions. This paper discusses how insults and curse words are used in the Chinese language. It also explores the cultural features of Chinese that are reflected in insults and curse words.
（5）a. 烂鞋，破鞋： (worn shoes) "not a virgin, bitch"
b. ： (prostitute) "prostitute"
c. 臭三八： (disgusting three eight) "bitch"
d. 你老婆给你戴绿帽子
you wife for you put green cap
"Your wife is cheating on you; you are a cuckold"
Example (5) a is a figurative use of language. It compares shoes with women based on the metaphor and metonymy NEW SHOES STAND FOR VIRGINITY, WORN SHOES STAND FOR A NON-VIRGIN, SHOES ARE WOMEN. When the concept of shoes透过侮辱和咒骂性语言看中国文化相关范文由写论文的好帮手www.udooo.com提供,转载请保留. are mapped onto a woman, the contrast between a chaste girl and a loose woman is illustrated clearly, to say the female is "a pair of worn shoes" thus is a great insult for her, even for her husband and the whole family, because it is a shame for a man to marry such a woman.
The concept of "worn shoes" typically refers to a woman who has sexual intercourse before marriage. At present, although many women work and they are financially independent, it is still a traditional virtue for a lady to remain loyal to her husband; it is not appreciated to be sexually active before marriage.
If a man marries a lady who fails to keep her virginity, that is, who has a sexual relationship with another man before or after marriage, people will say he is "wearing a green hat". "Green hat" is strong insult for a Chinese man because this means his wife is cheating on him by hing sexual intercourse with another man. "Green hat" has the implication that he is not manly; he is impotent and so forth. This insulting expression will make the female defendant greatly lose face, and the husband will lose his manly social position and authority.透过侮辱和咒骂性语言看中国文化相关论文由{#GetFullDomain}收集,如需论文查抄袭率.透过侮辱和咒骂性语言看中国文化由专注毕业论文与职称论文的{#GetFullDomain}提供,转载请保留.透过侮辱和咒骂性语言看中国文化由优秀论文网站{#GetFullDomain}提供,助您写好论文.透过侮辱和咒骂性语言看中国文化由优秀论文网站{#GetFullDomain}提供,助您写好论文.
关键词：语言与文化;认知、隐喻、感情、侮辱和咒骂性语言;中国文化特征;儒家学说思想
Chinese Culture as Reflected by Insults and Curse Words
Abstract: language and culture is closely related. On one hand, language is the representation of people's thoughts，without language, there in no culture; on the other hand, meaning in a language is grounded based on human's cognition, more exactly, it is based on their daily experience，the way people conceptualized their experiences contribute to the meaning of linguistic expression. Insults and curse words, as a special language to express speakers' strong feelings, tend to typically reflect people's thoughts which are closely related to their cultural background. Therefore，this paper is an attempt to investigate certain traditional Chinese culture through a study of insults and curse words in Chinese language based on forty-seven words collected. The results not only support the claims resulted from cognitive linguistics but also predict certain Chinese cultural features such as the importance of moral quality, virginity and family line, which are under the influence of Confucian teachings.
Key words: language and culture, cognition, metaphor, emotion, insults and curse words, Chinese cultural features, Confucian teachings;
1 Introduction
Insults and curse words, one of the strongest verbal ways to give revenge to the offenders, are interpreted differently in different languages. Do insults and curse words sends a more effective message? Do insults and curse words represent certain cultural features in the language? How do Chinese people insult or curse when they are greatly offended? This paper is an attempt to reveal Chinese culture through the study of certain Chinese insultsand curse words.Insults and curse words are one of the most effective ways of expressing emotions. This paper discusses how insults and curse words are used in the Chinese language. It also explores the cultural features of Chinese that are reflected in insults and curse words.
2 Insults and Curse Words in Chinese
It is well known that language is closely related to culture. On one hand, culture can not stand alone without language. Since the nature of culture is the acquired knowledge that people use to interpret experiences and to generate behior (Hiebert 1976: 2). On the other hand, language, as a tool of communication, is actually a representation of people's thoughts. It can mirror many aspects of its speakers, such as men透过侮辱和咒骂性语言看中国文化由提供海量免费论文范文的www.udooo.com,希望对您的论文写作有帮助.tal life, worldview, and value system and so forth.透过侮辱和咒骂性语言看中国文化由专注毕业论文与职称论文的{#GetFullDomain}提供,转载请保留.透过侮辱和咒骂性语言看中国文化由提供海量免费论文范文的www.udooo.com,希望对您的论文写作有帮助.2.2 Words related to virginity
This type of insulting language is normally used only for female defendants. In traditional Chinese culture, virginity is of the greatest importance to a lady, even more important than her life. If a lady loses her virginity, it is a great shame for the whole family and clan, and her life will become a shame for everyone. This feminine virtue may be traced back to the time of Confucius. Although the early Chinese had no real commitment to the subordination of women, over time, Confucian teachings were expanded upon. The teaching has more or less been kept in Chinese culture up until now, one saying taken from the Confucian inspired states: "A husband may marry twice, but his wife must never remarry." This saying implies that a wife should be loyal (both physically and spiritually) to her husband; "never remarry" actually refers to the fact that she is supposed to he a sexual relationship with only one man in her whole life. At present, although the idea has changed, the importanceof virginity is still rooted firmly in people's evaluation system. Insulting words related to virginity always convey a very strong feeling, as in (5).（5）a. 烂鞋，破鞋： (worn shoes) "not a virgin, bitch"
b. ： (prostitute) "prostitute"
c. 臭三八： (disgusting three eight) "bitch"
d. 你老婆给你戴绿帽子
you wife for you put green cap
"Your wife is cheating on you; you are a cuckold"
Example (5) a is a figurative use of language. It compares shoes with women based on the metaphor and metonymy NEW SHOES STAND FOR VIRGINITY, WORN SHOES STAND FOR A NON-VIRGIN, SHOES ARE WOMEN. When the concept of shoes透过侮辱和咒骂性语言看中国文化相关范文由写论文的好帮手www.udooo.com提供,转载请保留. are mapped onto a woman, the contrast between a chaste girl and a loose woman is illustrated clearly, to say the female is "a pair of worn shoes" thus is a great insult for her, even for her husband and the whole family, because it is a shame for a man to marry such a woman.
The concept of "worn shoes" typically refers to a woman who has sexual intercourse before marriage. At present, although many women work and they are financially independent, it is still a traditional virtue for a lady to remain loyal to her husband; it is not appreciated to be sexually active before marriage.
If a man marries a lady who fails to keep her virginity, that is, who has a sexual relationship with another man before or after marriage, people will say he is "wearing a green hat". "Green hat" is strong insult for a Chinese man because this means his wife is cheating on him by hing sexual intercourse with another man. "Green hat" has the implication that he is not manly; he is impotent and so forth. This insulting expression will make the female defendant greatly lose face, and the husband will lose his manly social position and authority.透过侮辱和咒骂性语言看中国文化相关论文由{#GetFullDomain}收集,如需论文查抄袭率.透过侮辱和咒骂性语言看中国文化由专注毕业论文与职称论文的{#GetFullDomain}提供,转载请保留.透过侮辱和咒骂性语言看中国文化由优秀论文网站{#GetFullDomain}提供,助您写好论文.透过侮辱和咒骂性语言看中国文化由优秀论文网站{#GetFullDomain}提供,助您写好论文.