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One of the most important factors in reading is the knowledge of words. The number of words readers know determines the difficulty and complexity of the material they can read and understand. However, it should be realized that the English vocabulary is so vast, nobody can hope to master vocabulary only by learning his or her lessons in the classroom. Somehow, readers must become self-motivated learners who can continue to learn words when reading an article. Most readers depend on dictionaries, but to do that takes up too much time which makes reading a tiresome task. Besides, when students are engaged in taking exams, they aren’t allowed to use dictionaries. How can they know the meanings of the new words? In fact, there are some other ways to solve the problem, such as guessing the meanings of words.
Since all kinds of guessing methods exist simultaneously, students must learn to choose different methods under different circumstances. In general, readers can guess the meanings of new words from contexts or word formation. Either method will work as long as it is useful to help them catch the meanings of the words.
1.Guessing the meaning of words from contexts
Infer the meaning from the definition and explanation.
Infer the meaning from the descriptive words former or latter.
Infer the meaning from the clues offered forward and backward.
Infer the meaning from the sense relations, such as synonyms and antonyms.
Infer the meaning from syntactic structures, such as the appositive clause and attributive clause.
2.Guessing the meaning of words from word formation
Conversion
Conversion is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class. The words are new only in a grammatical sense. The meanings are still related to the original ones.
He was knocked out in the first round. (n.)
We rounded the corner at high speed. (v.)
The moon was bright and round. (adj.)
People came from all the country round. (adv.)
The neighbors gathered round our barbecue. (prep.)
Compounding
Compounding, also called composition, is the formation of new words by joining two or more stems. So a compound is a lexical unit consisting of more than one stem and functioning both grammatically and semantically as a single word.English vocabulary mainly has noun compounds, adjective compounds and verb compounds.
Since all kinds of guessing methods exist simultaneously, students must learn to choose different methods under different circumstances. In general, readers can guess the meanings of new words from contexts or word formation. Either method will work as long as it is useful to help them catch the meanings of the words.
1.Guessing the meaning of words from contexts
Infer the meaning from the definition and explanation.
Infer the meaning from the descriptive words former or latter.
Infer the meaning from the clues offered forward and backward.
Infer the meaning from the sense relations, such as synonyms and antonyms.
Infer the meaning from syntactic structures, such as the appositive clause and attributive clause.
2.Guessing the meaning of words from word formation
Conversion
Conversion is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class. The words are new only in a grammatical sense. The meanings are still related to the original ones.
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Words produced by conversion are primarily nouns, adjectives and verbs. The most productive, however, is the conversion that takes place between nouns and verbs. Next, I’ll take “round” as an example.He was knocked out in the first round. (n.)
We rounded the corner at high speed. (v.)
The moon was bright and round. (adj.)
People came from all the country round. (adv.)
The neighbors gathered round our barbecue. (prep.)
Compounding
Compounding, also called composition, is the formation of new words by joining two or more stems. So a compound is a lexical unit consisting of more than one stem and functioning both grammatically and semantically as a single word.English vocabulary mainly has noun compounds, adjective compounds and verb compounds.
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